Class 7 new ncert Chapter 3 SST Solution - Climate of India

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Chapter 03: Climate of India

Question 1: What is the difference between weather and climate?

Answer: Weather is what we experience daily or over a few days, such as rain, sunshine, wind, etc. Climate is the average weather of a place over a long period (many years).

Question 2: How are seasons formed?

Answer: The Earth revolves around the Sun, which leads to the formation of seasons such as summer, rainy, and winter.

Question 3: How many seasons are recognized in India?

Answer: Traditionally, 6 seasons are recognized in India:
  1. Spring
  2. Summer
  3. Rainy
  4. Autumn
  5. Pre-winter
  6. Winter

Question 4: What are the main types of climate in India?

Answer: Different types of climate are found in India:
  • Cold (Alpine) climate in the Himalayas
  • Temperate climate in hilly areas
  • Subtropical climate in plains
  • Dry climate in the Thar Desert
  • Humid climate in coastal areas
  • Semi-arid climate in the Deccan Plateau

Question 5: What are the main factors affecting climate?

Answer: The main factors affecting climate are:
  1. Latitude
  2. Altitude
  3. Distance from the sea
  4. Winds
  5. Relief

Question 6: How does latitude affect climate?

Answer: Areas near the Equator are hotter because the Sun’s rays fall directly. Towards the poles, it becomes colder because the rays fall slanting.

Question 7: What is the effect of altitude on temperature?

Answer: As altitude increases, temperature decreases. Therefore, hilly areas are colder.

Question 8: How does distance from the sea affect climate?

Answer: Places near the sea have a moderate climate. Places far from the sea experience extreme heat and cold.

Question 9: How do winds affect climate?

Answer: Winds carry hot or cold air from one place to another. Winds coming from the sea bring moisture and cause rainfall.

Question 10: What is the effect of relief on climate?

Answer: Mountains and plains affect wind and rainfall. For example, the Himalayas block cold winds coming from the north.

Question 11: What is monsoon?

Answer: Monsoon refers to seasonal winds that change direction and bring rainfall. The word ‘monsoon’ comes from the Arabic word ‘mausim’.

Question 12: How is monsoon formed?

Answer: In summer, land heats up quickly creating low pressure. Cool winds from the sea (high pressure) move towards land (low pressure) and cause rainfall.

Question 13: When does monsoon arrive in India?

Answer: Monsoon starts in June from south-west India and gradually spreads across the country. It is called the South-West Monsoon.

Question 14: What is winter monsoon?

Answer: In winter, winds blow from land to sea, causing dry conditions in most places. It is called the North-East Monsoon.

Question 15: What is microclimate?

Answer: The climate of a small area that differs from the surrounding region is called microclimate.

Question 16: How does climate affect our life?

Answer: Climate has a deep impact on our lives. It affects our food, clothes, agriculture, festivals, and lifestyle.

Question 17: What is the impact of monsoon on the economy?

Answer: If rainfall is less:
  • Crops are damaged
  • Water shortage occurs
  • Inflation increases

Question 18: What are the major climate-related disasters?

Answer: Major climate-related disasters are:
  • Cyclone
  • Flood – due to heavy rainfall or rise in river water
  • Landslide – slipping of land in hilly areas
  • Forest fire

Question 19: What is a cyclone?

Answer: A cyclone is a storm formed in a low-pressure area with strong winds and heavy rainfall.

Question 20: How do floods occur?

Answer: Floods occur when excess rainfall or rising river water spreads beyond its limits.

NCERT Exercise Questions

Question 1. Match the following list of climatic factors with their effects—

Answer:
  1. (Latitude) → (b) Creates different climates in the north and south.
  2. (Altitude) → (c) Keeps higher places cooler.
  3. (Distance from the sea) → (d) Affects temperature.
  4. (Monsoon winds) → (a) Bring rainfall in India during summer.

Answer the following questions—

Question (a): What is the difference between weather and climate?

Answer: Weather is for a short period (like today's temperature, rain). Climate is the average weather over a long period (many years).

Question (b): Why is the temperature of places near the sea lower than places far from the sea?

Answer: The sea heats and cools slowly, so nearby places have a balanced temperature. Due to this, there is neither too much heat nor cold.

Question (c): What is the role of monsoon winds in influencing Indian climate?

Answer: Monsoon winds bring moisture from the sea and cause rainfall in India. It is very important for agriculture and water supply.

Question (d): Why does Chennai remain hot throughout the year while Leh remains cold?

Answer: Chennai is near the sea, so the temperature remains high and balanced. Leh is located at a high altitude, so it remains very cold.

Question 3. Look at the map of India given at the end of this book— identify the climate of Leh, Chennai, Delhi, and Panaji.

  1. Is the place near the sea, on a mountain, or in a desert?
  • Leh → Mountain region
  • Chennai → Near the sea
  • Delhi → Plains (far from the sea)
  • Panaji → Near the sea
  1. How do these factors affect the climate there?
  • Leh → Cold due to altitude
  • Chennai/Panaji → Balanced and humid due to sea
  • Delhi → Far from the sea, so both summers and winters are extreme

Question 4: Show the summer and winter monsoon cycle on the map of India.

  1. Indicate where the winds blow in summer and winter.
  • In summer, winds blow from sea to land.
  • In winter, winds blow from land to sea.
  1. Show the direction of winds during monsoon.
  • During monsoon, winds come from the south-west direction towards India and bring rainfall.

Question 5: Make a colorful poster showing agricultural and seasonal festivals of India (such as Baisakhi, Onam). Paste pictures or drawings of these festivals.

  • Baisakhi → Harvest festival
  • Onam → Harvest festival celebrated in Kerala

Question 6: Imagine that you are a farmer in India. How will you prepare for the rainy season? Write about it in the form of a diary.

  • Today I ploughed the field and prepared the seeds.
  • Before the rains, I arranged for water drainage.
  • I arranged fertilizers and seeds for a good crop.
  • Now I am waiting for the monsoon so that I can farm on time.

Question 7: Identify a natural disaster (such as cyclone, flood, landslide or storm) and write a short essay including its causes and effects. Give suggestions that can help individuals, community and government reduce its impact.

Answer: Example: Flood Flood is a natural disaster that occurs due to heavy rainfall or increase in river water. Causes:
  • Heavy rainfall
  • Increase in river water
  • Lack of drainage
Effects:
  • Houses and crops are destroyed
  • People suffer losses
Measures:
  • Individual: Move to a safe place
  • Community: Build relief camps
  • Government: Build dams and warning systems

Let’s Explore

Question 1: What is the reason that different places in India have different climates?

Answer: India is a very large country. Here, factors like altitude, distance from the sea, latitude, and winds are different, so the climate of every place is different.

Question 2: What would the climate of coastal areas be like if there were no sea?

Answer: If there were no sea, then the temperature in coastal areas would also change a lot. Summers would be very hot and winters would be very cold.

Question 3: Why do people living in mountains feel more cold?

Answer: Because temperature decreases as altitude increases. Therefore, mountainous areas are always cold.

Question 4: Why is the monsoon so important for India?

Answer: Most of the rainfall in India occurs due to the monsoon. It is very important for agriculture, water, and life.

Question 5: What will happen if the monsoon does not arrive on time?

Answer:

  • Crops may get damaged
  • There may be a shortage of water
  • Drought may occur
  • People may face difficulties

Question 6: Why is there less rainfall in deserts?

Answer: Because moisture-laden winds reach there less and the temperature is very high.

Question 7: What is the reason that Chennai does not experience much cold even in winters?

Answer: Chennai is near the sea, so the temperature remains balanced there and it does not get very cold.

Question 8: Can we feel changes in the climate around us? How?

Answer: Yes, we can feel changes such as:

  • Increase in temperature
  • Change in rainfall timing
  • More heat or cold

Question 9: How does climate affect our life?

Answer: Climate affects our clothes, food, houses, agriculture, and festivals.

Question 10: Can the same type of crop be grown everywhere? Why?

Answer: No, because the climate of every place is different. Crops are grown according to the climate.

Question 11: How do people adapt according to the climate of their region?

Answer:

  • Wear warm clothes in cold regions
  • Wear light clothes in hot regions
  • Houses are also built accordingly

Question 12: What can be the effects of climate change?

Answer:

  • Increase in temperature
  • Floods and droughts
  • Changes in weather
  • Impact on crops

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