Class 9 new ncert Chapter 7 SST Solution - Elections

-

Q & A —  6th   7th   8th   9th   10th

Chapter 7 : Elections

Question 1. Why are elections essential to a democratic system?

Answer: Elections are essential because they allow citizens to:
  • Choose their representatives.
  • Exercise their right to vote.
  • Make representatives accountable.
  • Change representatives who do not perform well.
  • Participate in the formation of government.
  • Give equal political voice to citizens.
Thus, elections are called the soul of democracy.

Question 2. What is the difference between direct and indirect elections?

Answer:
  • Direct election: Citizens directly vote for their representatives. Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elections are examples.
  • Indirect election: Citizens elect representatives, and those representatives elect the leader. Elections of the President, Vice President and Rajya Sabha members use indirect methods.

Question 3. What is the First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) system?

Answer: FPTP is an electoral system in which each voter votes for one candidate. The candidate who gets the highest number of votes wins, even if the candidate gets less than 50% of the total votes.

Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elections in India use the FPTP system.

Question 4. What is Proportional Representation?

Answer: Proportional Representation is a system in which seats are given to parties according to the proportion of votes they receive.

In India, elections to the Rajya Sabha, President and Vice President use proportional representation.

Question 5. What is the Single Transferable Vote system?

Answer: The Single Transferable Vote (एकल संक्रमणीय मत) system allows voters to mark candidates according to their preferences.
  • First-preference votes are counted.
  • Candidates reaching the required quota are elected.
  • The candidate with the lowest votes may be eliminated.
  • Their votes are transferred according to the next preference.
  • The process continues until the required number of candidates is elected.

Question 6. What are the main provisions of the Representation of the People Act, 1950?

Answer: The Representation of the People Act, 1950 mainly deals with:
  1. Allocation of seats.
  2. Delimitation of constituencies.
  3. Preparation and revision of electoral rolls.
  4. Voting rights of citizens above 18 years without discrimination.

Question 7. What are the main provisions of the Representation of the People Act, 1951?

Answer: The Representation of the People Act, 1951 deals with:
  • Nomination of candidates.
  • Election campaigns.
  • Voting procedures.
  • Electoral offences.
  • Corrupt practices.
  • Post-election disputes and their resolution.
It helps maintain the integrity and transparency of elections.

Question 8. What is delimitation? Why is it necessary?

Answer: Delimitation means fixing the boundaries and number of seats of electoral constituencies.

It is necessary because population changes over time. Without delimitation, some representatives may represent many more people than others. Delimitation therefore aims to ensure equal representation.

Question 9. What is the Election Commission of India?

Answer: The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous and permanent constitutional body that conducts and supervises elections in India.

It was established on 25 January 1950. Articles 324 to 329 of the Constitution provide for the ECI and its powers and duties.

Question 10. What are the major functions of the Election Commission of India?

Answer: The major functions of the ECI are:
  • Preparing and revising electoral rolls.
  • Deciding the election schedule.
  • Registering political parties.
  • Recognising national and state parties.
  • Allotting election symbols.
  • Conducting free and fair elections.
  • Regulating election-related processes.
  • Using technology to make elections more inclusive.
  • Addressing certain disputes regarding political parties and symbols.

Question 11. What is Special Intensive Revision (SIR)?

Answer: Special Intensive Revision is a process of updating, verifying and correcting electoral rolls.

Its main objectives are:
  • To include all eligible voters.
  • To include newly eligible voters, especially those who have turned 18.
  • To remove names of deceased voters.
  • To remove duplicate entries.
  • To remove names of people who have permanently moved or cannot be traced.
  • To correct errors in the voter list.

Question 12. How does the ECI make elections inclusive?

Answer: The ECI takes various steps so that more people can participate in elections.

It provides support for:
  • Persons with Disabilities (PwDs).
  • Senior citizens.
  • Transgender persons.
  • Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
It has also introduced technology-based services and facilities such as home voting for eligible senior citizens and persons with disabilities.

Question 13. What is ETPBS?

Answer: ETPBS stands for Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballot System.

It enables service voters to receive and cast their postal ballots electronically from a place outside their original constituency.

Question 14. What is the role of political parties in elections?

Answer: Political parties play an important role because they:
  • Contest elections.
  • Prepare election manifestos.
  • Present policies and programmes.
  • Campaign on important issues.
  • Organise public opinion.
  • Give voters different choices.
  • Help voters make informed decisions.
  • Form the government when they win.
  • Act as the opposition when they do not form the government.
  • Help ensure accountability.

Question 15. Why does India have a multi-party system?

Answer: India has a multi-party system because the country has great diversity in:
  • Languages
  • Cultures
  • Regions
  • Social groups
  • Political interests
Many political parties provide different viewpoints and choices to voters.

Question 16. What is defection?

Answer: Defection (दल-बदल) means leaving or switching from the political party on whose ticket a person was elected.

It may involve joining another party or acting against the decisions of one's own party in the legislature.

Question 17. What is the Anti-Defection Law? Why was it introduced?

Answer: The Anti-Defection Law was introduced in 1985 through the 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act.

Its main purpose is to prevent unnecessary party switching and maintain political stability.

Under the law, a member may be disqualified if they voluntarily leave their party or vote against party instructions in situations covered by the law.

Question 18. What is the difference between a National Party and a State Party?

Answer:
National Party State Party
Has recognition at the national level. Has recognition in a particular State.
Must satisfy prescribed national-level criteria. Must satisfy prescribed state-level criteria.
Has a wider political presence across states. Mainly has a significant presence in one State.
Can play an important role in national politics. Mainly focuses on State or regional political issues.
The ECI uses specific vote-share and seat-based criteria for recognition. The ECI uses specific vote-share and seat-based criteria for recognition.

Question 19. What is a Registered Unrecognised Political Party (RUPP)?

Answer: A Registered Unrecognised Political Party is a political party that is registered but does not fulfil the required criteria for recognition as a State or National Party.

Question 20. What are the major challenges to free and fair elections?

Answer: Major challenges include:
  • Misinformation
  • Fake news
  • Intimidation (डराना-धमकाना)
  • Unfair influence on voters.
  • Difficulties faced by some voters in exercising their voting rights.
  • Problems that can reduce public trust in elections.
The ECI addresses these challenges through laws, the Model Code of Conduct, EVMs, VVPAT, awareness campaigns and other measures.

Question 21. Why should elections be free, fair and transparent?

Answer: Elections should be free, fair and transparent because:
  • Citizens must be able to vote without fear or pressure.
  • Every eligible voter should get an equal opportunity to vote.
  • Votes must be counted accurately.
  • Political parties and candidates should get a fair opportunity.
  • People must have confidence in the electoral process.
  • A fair election gives legitimacy to the government.

Question 22. Why are elections called the soul of democracy?

Answer: Elections are called the soul of democracy because they give citizens an equal voice in choosing their government.

Through elections, citizens can:
  • Choose representatives.
  • Change non-performing representatives.
  • Hold governments accountable.
  • Participate in democratic decision-making.
Therefore, elections are essential for the proper functioning of democracy.

टिप्पणियाँ

एक टिप्पणी भेजें

इस ब्लॉग से लोकप्रिय पोस्ट

Class 9 Ch 1 SST Part 2 ncert Solution - महासागर और जीवन

-
Q & A —  6th   7th   8th   9th   10th यह अध्याय English में देखें अध्याय 01 : महासागर और जीवन (Oceans and Life) प्रश्न 1. महासागरीय तलरूप की प्रमुख विशेषताओं की व्याख्या कीजिए। उत्तर: महासागरीय तलरूप से तात्पर्य महासागर के तल पर पाए जाने वाले विभिन्न भौतिक स्वरूपों से है। महासागर का तल समतल नहीं है; इसमें पर्वत, मैदान, ढाल और गहरे गर्त पाए जाते हैं। प्रमुख विशेषताएँ निम्नलिखित हैं: महाद्वीपीय मग्न तट (Continental Shelf): महाद्वीप का उथला, जलमग्न भाग जो समुद्र के अंदर तक फैला होता है। यह मछलियों, तेल और प्राकृतिक गैस से समृद्ध होता है। महाद्वीपीय ढाल (Continental Slope): वह तीव्र ढाल जो महाद्वीपीय मग्न तट को गहरे महासागरीय तल से जोड़ती है। गहरे समुद्र का समतल मैदान (Abyssal Plain): गहरे महासागरीय तल का एक विशाल और समतल क्षेत्र। मध्य-महासागरीय पर्वतमाला (Mid-Ocean Ridge): पानी के नीचे स्थित एक लंबी पर्वत श्रृंखला। महासागरीय गर्त (Ocean Trench): महासागरीय तल पर स्थित एक लंबा, संकरा और बहुत गहरा अवसाद। समुद्री पर्वत (Seamount): पानी के नीचे...
और पढ़ें

Class 6 sst Chapter 01 Question Answer New NCERT - पृथ्वी पर स्थानों की स्थिति

-
चित्र
Chapter 01: पृथ्वी पर स्थानों की स्थिति (Locating Places on the Earth) प्रश्न: मानचित्र क्या है और इसका उपयोग कैसे होता है? उत्तर: मानचित्र एक प्रतीकात्मक चित्र होता है जो किसी स्थान की स्थिति, दिशा और दूरी को दर्शाता है। इसकी मदद से हम किसी जगह को खोज सकते हैं और वहाँ तक पहुँचने का रास्ता जान सकते हैं। प्रश्न: मानचित्र के मुख्य घटक कौन-कौन से हैं? उत्तर: मानचित्र के तीन मुख्य घटक हैं:   1. दूरी: स्केल की सहायता से वास्तविक दूरी को मानचित्र पर दर्शाया जाता है।   2. दिशा: उत्तर, दक्षिण, पूर्व, पश्चिम जैसे दिशा बिंदुओं का उपयोग किया जाता है।   3. प्रतीक चिह्न: भवनों, नदियों, सड़कों आदि को दर्शाने के लिए प्रतीकों का प्रयोग होता है। प्रश्न: पैमाना (स्केल) से आप क्या समझते हैं? उत्तर: पैमाना (Scale) से हम यह समझते हैं कि मानचित्र पर दिखाई गई दूरी वास्तव में कितनी है। उदाहरण: अगर स्केल है 1 सेमी = 1 किलोमीटर, तो इसका मतलब है कि मानचित्र पर 1 सेमी की दूरी, असल में 1 किलोमीटर होती है। प्रश्न: अक्षांश और देशांतर क्या होते हैं? उत्तर: अक्षांश वे रेखाएं होती है...
और पढ़ें